@article {Li2022,
	title = {3-D Inter-Robot Relative Localization via Semidefinite Optimization},
	journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {10081{\textendash}10088},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {In this letter, the 3-D inter-robot relative localization problem is addressed using noise-corrupted odometric and distance measurements. Unlike the existing solutions, we are devoted to providing a relative localization method that has an {\textquotedblleft}overall best performance,{\textquotedblright} which means that the tradeoffs between the estimation accuracy (EA), the number of measurements (NoMs), and the computation efficiency (CE) are considered. We demonstrate that an existing formulation of the 3-D relative localization problem, the square distances weighted least square (SD-WLS), can be equivalently reformulated as a non-convex quadratic constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. Further, to handle the non-convex nature of the QCQP problem, we adopt the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation approach, which drops the rank constraint and recovers the solution of the QCQP via an eigenvalue decomposition strategy. Finally, a refinement step is introduced to solve the problem that the quadratic constraints might not be satisfied due to the SDP relaxation. The simulation and experiment results show that, compared to existing methods, our method has the best overall performance when the three factors, i.e., EA, NoMs, and CE, are important for a relative localization application.},
	keywords = {3-D inter-robot relative localization, Distance measurement, Global Positioning System, Location awareness, non-convex optimization, QCQP, Quaternions, Robots, SDP, sensors, Sun},
	issn = {2377-3774},
	doi = {10.1109/LRA.2022.3192888},
	author = {Ming Li and Tin Lun Lam and Zhiyong Sun}
}
@article {Luo2022,
	title = {Adaptive Flow Planning of Modular Spherical Robot Considering Static Gravity Stability},
	journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {4228{\textendash}4235},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Modular robots have a unique obstacle-crossing method, flow. Flow is realized by constantly changing the connection relationship between modules, namely reconfiguration. Existing flow planning methods do not consider the static stability in their adaptation to obstacles. This letter proposes a flow planning method with scalability, adaptability, and static gravity stability. The criterion of static gravity stability is always satisfied through the following two innovations. First, each target configuration in the flow process is designed to grasp obstacles like vines. Second, in motion planning, each module maintains contact with the obstacle or a fixed module to maximize the supporting polygon of the configuration. What{\textquoteright}s more, the simplified path output by the connection planning and the precise calculation based on the mesh model realize the scalability and adaptability of the flow planning method. In simulation, we evaluate the adaptability to various obstacles and the margin of static gravity stability.},
	keywords = {Cellular and modular robots, Gravity, Hardware, path planning for multiple mobile robots or agents, Planning, Robot kinematics, Robots, scheduling and coordination, Stability criteria, Three-dimensional displays},
	issn = {2377-3774},
	doi = {10.1109/LRA.2022.3150028},
	author = {Haobo Luo and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Liang2022,
	title = {Energy Sharing Mechanism for a Freeform Robotic System - FreeBOT},
	booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {4232{\textendash}4238},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
	abstract = {Energy sharing in modular self-reconfigurable robots ensures the energy balance of the modules, thus allowing the system to work sustainably. This paper proposes an energy sharing mechanism for a novel modular self-reconfigurable robot that allows free connections among modules, termed as FreeBOT, such that each FreeBOT can share energy with peers through surface contact. Corresponding energy sharing rules are proposed to achieve an energy sharing network structure without invalid components. As alternative choices, several types of networks subjected to the above requirements are provided, which also maximize the number of FreeBOTs joining to share energy. We implement and test the prototype of the energy sharing mechanism on FreeBOT. The experimental results show that the mechanism can effectively achieve energy sharing among FreeBOTs.},
	keywords = {Automation, Prototypes, Robots},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-9682-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ICRA46639.2022.9811860},
	author = {Guanqi Liang and Yuxiao Tu and Lijun Zong and Junfeng Chen and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Tu2022,
	title = {FreeSN: A Freeform Strut-node Structured Modular Self-reconfigurable Robot - Design and Implementation},
	booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {4239{\textendash}4245},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel freeform strut-node structured modular self-reconfigurable robot (MSRR) called FreeSN, consisting of strut and node modules. A node module is mainly a low-carbon steel spherical shell. A strut module contains two freeform connectors, which provide strong magnetic connections and flexible spherical motions. The FreeSN system shares the benefits of freeform connection and strut-node structures. The freeform connection brings good adaptability to the environment. The triangle substructures inside the system configuration significantly improve the structural stability. The parallel execution of module motions can superpose the module capabilities and makes the system more scalable. The modules can combine these robot features by selecting the system configuration and better fit different circumstances and tasks. Four demonstrations, including assembly, obstacle crossing, transportation, and object manipulation, are designed to show the capabilities of the FreeSN system in different aspects. The results show the great performance and versatility of this MSRR system.},
	keywords = {Automation, Connectors, Robots, Steel, Structural engineering, Task analysis, Transportation},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-9682-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ICRA46639.2022.9811583},
	author = {Yuxiao Tu and Guanqi Liang and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Alhafnawi2022,
	title = {MOSAIX: a Swarm of Robot Tiles for Social Human-Swarm Interaction},
	booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {6882-6888},
	doi = {10.1109/ICRA46639.2022.9811723},
	author = {M Alhafnawi and E R Hunt and S Lemaignan and P O{\textquoteright}Dowd and S Hauert}
}
@conference {Zhao2022,
	title = {SnailBot: A Continuously Dockable Modular Self-reconfigurable Robot Using Rocker-bogie Suspension},
	booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {4261{\textendash}4267},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel modular self-assembling, self-reconfiguring robot with the 3D continuous dock called {\textquotedblleft}SnailBot{\textquotedblright}. SnailBot mainly consists of a spherical ferromagnetic shell and a six-wheel rocker chassis with embedded magnets. Unlike many other existing modular self-reconfigurable robots with fixed docking locations, SnailBot uses the 3D continuous dock to attach to its peers regardless of alignment. This freeform docking mechanism can greatly improve the efficiency of self-reconfiguration and reduce docking failures because there is nearly no constraint in the location of the connector. Compared with the existing freeform MSRR, SnailBot can form a more structurally stable connection to its peers without loss of connection efficiency. Owing to the excellent obstacle crossing ability of the rocker-bogie suspension, the robot can freely crawl on other modules in the form of a sliding sphere. Experiments demonstrate the basic actions of a single module and some applications of SnailBots, such as a manipulator.},
	keywords = {Automation, Connectors, Manipulators, Three-dimensional displays},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-9682-4},
	doi = {10.1109/ICRA46639.2022.9811779},
	author = {Da Zhao and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Tu2021,
	title = {Graph Convolutional Network based Configuration Detection for Freeform Modular Robot Using Magnetic Sensor Array},
	booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {4252{\textendash}4258},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Xi{\textquoteright}an, China},
	abstract = {Modular self-reconfigurable robotic (MSRR) systems are potentially more robust and more adaptive than conventional systems. Following our previous work where we proposed a freeform MSRR module called FreeBOT, this paper presents a novel configuration detection system for FreeBOT using a magnetic sensor array. A FreeBOT module can be connected by up to 11 modules, and the proposed configuration detection system can locate a variable number of connection points accurately in real-time. By equipping FreeBOT with 24 magnetic sensors, the magnetic field density produced by magnets and steel spherical shells can be monitored. The connectable area is split into 199 non-uniform regions, including 84 uniform regions. Using a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) based algorithm, the connection points can be located accurately under ferromagnetic environments. The system can locate a variable number of connection points for such a region division with only single connection point training data. Finally, the localization algorithm can run faster than 40 Hz on FreeBOT. With the real-time configuration detection system, the FreeBOT system has the potential to reconfigure automatically and accurately.},
	keywords = {Conferences, Location awareness, Magnetic sensors, Real-time systems, Robot sensing systems, Steel, Training data},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-9078-5},
	issn = {1050-4729},
	doi = {10.1109/ICRA48506.2021.9561340},
	author = {Yuxiao Tu and Guanqi Liang and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@article {Guo2021,
	title = {Semantic Histogram Based Graph Matching for Real-Time Multi-Robot Global Localization in Large Scale Environment},
	journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {8349{\textendash}8356},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The core problem of visual multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (MR-SLAM) is how to efficiently and accurately perform multi-robot global localization (MR-GL). The difficulties are two-fold. The first is the difficulty of global localization for significant viewpoint difference. Appearance-based localization methods tend to fail under large viewpoint changes. Recently, semantic graphs have been utilized to overcome the viewpoint variation problem. However, the methods are highly time-consuming, especially in large-scale environments. This leads to the second difficulty, which is how to perform real-time global localization. In this letter, we propose a semantic histogram based graph matching method that is robust to viewpoint variation and can achieve real-time global localization. Based on that, we develop a system that can accurately and efficiently perform MR-GL for both homogeneous and heterogeneous robots. The experimental results show that our approach is about 30 times faster than Random Walk based semantic descriptors. Moreover, it achieves an accuracy of 95\% for global localization, while the accuracy of the state-of-the-art method is 85\%.},
	keywords = {Global localization, Histograms, large viewpoint difference, Location awareness, multi-robot map merging, Real-time systems, semantic SLAM, Semantics, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Three-dimensional displays, Visualization},
	issn = {2377-3774},
	doi = {10.1109/LRA.2021.3058935},
	author = {Xiyue Guo and Junjie Hu and Junfeng Chen and Fuqin Deng and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Zhang2021,
	title = {Task-Space Decomposed Motion Planning Framework for Multi-Robot Loco-Manipulation},
	booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {8158{\textendash}8164},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Xi{\textquoteright}an, China},
	abstract = {This paper introduces a novel task-space decomposed motion planning framework for multi-robot simultaneous locomotion and manipulation. When several manipulators hold an object, closed-chain kinematic constraints are formed, and it will make the motion planning problems challenging by inducing lower-dimensional singularities. Unfortunately, the constrained manifold will be even more complicated when the manipulators are equipped with mobile bases. We address the problem by introducing a dual-resolution motion planning framework which utilizes a convex task region decomposition method, with each resolution tuned to efficient computation for their respective roles. Concretely, this dual-resolution approach enables a global planner to explore the low-dimensional decomposed task-space regions toward the goal, then a local planner computes a path in high-dimensional constrained configuration space. We demonstrate the proposed method in several simulations, where the robot team transports the object toward the goal in the obstacle-rich environments.},
	keywords = {Computational modeling, Conferences, Kinematics, Manifolds, Manipulators, Planning, System recovery},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-9078-5},
	issn = {1050-4729},
	doi = {10.1109/ICRA48506.2021.9560902},
	author = {Xiaoyu Zhang and Lei Yan and Tin Lun Lam and Sethu Vijayakumar}
}
@conference {Liang2020,
	title = {FreeBOT: A Freeform Modular Self-reconfigurable Robot with Arbitrary Connection Point - Design and Implementation},
	booktitle = {2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {6506{\textendash}6513},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Las Vegas, NV, USA},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a novel modular selfreconfigurable robot (MSRR) "FreeBOT", which can be connected freely at any point on other robots. FreeBOT is mainly composed of two parts: a spherical ferromagnetic shell and an internal magnet. The connection between the modules is genderless and instant, since the internal magnet can freely attract other FreeBOT spherical ferromagnetic shells, and not need to be precisely aligned with the specified connector. This connection method has fewer physical constraints, so the FreeBOT system can be extended to more configurations to meet more functional requirements. FreeBOT can accomplish multiple tasks although it only has two motors: module independent movement, connector management and system reconfiguration. FreeBOT can move independently on the plane, and even climb on ferromagnetic walls; a group of FreeBOTs can traverse complex terrain. Numerous experiments have been conducted to test its function, which shows that the FreeBOT system has great potential to realize a freeform robotic system.},
	keywords = {Connectors, Intelligent robots, Task analysis},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-6213-3},
	issn = {2153-0858},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341129},
	author = {Guanqi Liang and Haobo Luo and Ming Li and Huihuan Qian and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Luo2020,
	title = {An Obstacle-crossing Strategy Based on the Fast Self-reconfiguration for Modular Sphere Robots},
	booktitle = {2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {3296{\textendash}3303},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Las Vegas, NV, USA},
	abstract = {This paper introduces an obstacle-crossing strategy, and the self-reconfiguration algorithm for a new class of modular robots called the rolling sphere, which can fit obstacles represented by cubes of different sizes due to the chain connection of multiple spheres. For the self-reconfiguration of the rolling spheres, a large gradient is obtained by classifying its action types and hierarchically minimizing the distance between the initial configuration and the final configuration. The most direct use of this large gradient is the fast crossing of various obstacles, by jointing multiple self-reconfigurations according to the OctoMap of the obstacles. It is verified in simulation that the self-reconfiguration takes full advantage of the parallel movement of multiple modules to reduce the total time steps, and the obstacle-crossing strategy can adapt to a variety of obstacles.},
	keywords = {Adaptation models, Classification algorithms, Intelligent robots},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-6213-3},
	issn = {2153-0858},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341162},
	author = {Haobo Luo and Ming Li and Guangqi Liang and Huihuan Qian and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@conference {Li2020,
	title = {Robot-to-Robot Relative Pose Estimation based on Semidefinite Relaxation Optimization},
	booktitle = {2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {4491{\textendash}4498},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Las Vegas, NV, USA},
	abstract = {In this paper, the 2D robot-to-robot relative pose (position and orientation) estimation problem based on ego-motion and noisy distance measurements is considered. We address this problem using an optimization-based method, which does not require complicated numerical analysis while yields no inferior relative localization (RL) results compared to existing approaches. In particular, we start from a state-of-the-art method named square distances weighted least square (SD-WLS), and reformulate it as a non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. To handle its non-convex nature, a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation optimization-based method is proposed, and we prove that the relaxation is tight when measurements are free from noise or just corrupted by small noise. Further, to obtain the optimal solution of the relative pose estimation problem in the sense of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), a theoretically optimal WLS method is developed to refine the estimate from the SDP optimization. Comprehensive simulations and well-designed experiments are presented for validating the tightness of the SDP relaxation, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is highlighted by comparing it to the existing approaches.},
	keywords = {Maximum likelihood estimation, Noise measurement, Optimization, Particle measurements, Pose estimation, Quadratic programming, Two dimensional displays},
	isbn = {978-1-7281-6213-3},
	issn = {2153-0858},
	doi = {10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341568},
	author = {Ming Li and Guanqi Liang and Haobo Luo and Huihuan Qian and Tin Lun Lam}
}
@article {491,
	title = {Decentralised finite-time consensus for second-order multi-agent system under event-triggered strategy},
	journal = {IET Control Theory \& Applications},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {664{\textendash}673},
	author = {Zhang, Liang and Zhang, Zexu and Lawrance, Nicholas and Nieto, Juan and Siegwart, Roland}
}
@conference {377,
	title = {Adding Heuristics to Conflict-Based Search for Multi-Agent Pathfinding},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS)},
	year = {2018},
	author = {Ariel Felner and Jiaoyang Li and Eli Boyarski and Hang Ma and Liron Cohen and T. K. Satish Kumar and Sven Keonig}
}
@proceedings {430,
	title = {Consensus Based Distributed Cooperative Control for Multiple Miniature Aerial Vehicles with Uncertainty},
	year = {2018},
	month = {11/2018},
	doi = {10.1109/SMC.2017.8122995},
	author = {Shafiqul Islam},
	editor = {Peter Liu and A. El Saddik}
}
@conference {375,
	title = {Multi-Agent Path Finding with Deadlines},
	booktitle = {International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {conference},
	author = {Hang Ma and Glenn Wagner and Ariel Felner and Jiaoyang Li and T. K. Satish Kumar and Sven Koenig}
}
@conference {376,
	title = {Multi-Agent Path Finding with Deadlines: Preliminary Results},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
	year = {2018},
	author = {Hang Ma and Glenn Wagner and Ariel Felner and Jiaoyang Li and T. K. Satish Kumar and Sven Koenig}
}
@conference {417,
	title = {Multi-robot Dubins Coverage with Autonomous Surface Vehicles},
	booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)},
	year = {2018},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2018.8460661},
	author = {Nare Karapetyan and Jason Moulton and Jeremy S. Lewis and Quattrini~Li, Alberto and Jason M. O{\textquoteright}Kane and Ioannis Rekleitis}
}
@conference {418,
	title = {A Search-Based Approach to Solve Pursuit-Evasion Games with Limited Visibility in Polygonal Environments},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous \& Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
	year = {2018},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3237383.323795},
	author = {Quattrini Li, Alberto and Raffaele Fioratto and Francesco Amigoni and Volkan Isler}
}
@proceedings {431,
	title = {Consensus Based Distributed Cooperative Control for Multiple Miniature Aerial Vehicles with Uncertainty},
	year = {2017},
	month = {11/2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	doi = {10.1109/SMC.2017.8122995},
	author = {Shafiqul Islam},
	editor = {P. X. Liu and A. El Saddik}
}
@proceedings {432,
	title = {Distributed Robust Adaptive Finite-Time Voltage Control for AC Microgrids with Uncertainty},
	year = {2017},
	month = {11/2017},
	doi = {10.1109/SMC.2017.8122946},
	author = {S. Islam},
	editor = {P. X. Liu and A. El  Saddik}
}
@proceedings {434,
	title = {Distributed Robust Adaptive Finite-Time Voltage Control for AC Microgrids with Uncertainty},
	year = {2017},
	month = {11/2017},
	doi = {10.1109/SMC.2017.8122946},
	author = {Shafiqul Islam},
	editor = {Peter Liu and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik}
}
@conference {380,
	title = {Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding for Online Pickup and Delivery Tasks},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {conference},
	author = {Hang Ma and Jiaoyang Li and T. K. Satish Kumar and Sven Koenig}
}
@article {214,
	title = {Integration of hardware and software designs for object grasping and transportation by a mobile robot with navigation guidance via a unique bearing-alignment mechanism},
	journal = {IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {576-583},
	author = {J. Wu and X. Yue and W. Li}
}
@article {213,
	title = {Notion of control-law module and modular framework of cooperative transportation using multiple nonholonomic robotic agents with physical rigid-formation-motion constraints},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics,},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	author = {W. Li}
}
@conference {385,
	title = {Planning, Scheduling and Monitoring for Airport Surface Operations},
	booktitle = {AAAI-16 Workshop on Planning for Hybrid Systems (PlanHS)},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {workshop},
	author = {Robert Morris and Corina Pasareanu and Kasper Luckow and Waqar Malik and Hang Ma and T. K. Satish Kumar and Sven Koenig}
}
@article {148,
	title = {Occlusion-Based Cooperative Transport with a Swarm of Miniature Mobile Robots},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {307{\textendash}321},
	keywords = {cooperation without communication, cooperative transport, e-puck, occlusion, swarm robotics},
	doi = {10.1109/TRO.2015.2400731},
	author = {Chen, Jianing and Gauci, Melvin and Li, Wei and Kolling, A. and Gross, Roderich}
}
@article {194,
	title = {Decomposition frameworks for cooperative manipulation of a planar rigid body with multiple unilateral thrusters},
	journal = {Nonlinear Dynamics},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {31{\textendash}46},
	abstract = {In this paper, we consider cooperative manipulation of a planar rigid body using multiple actuator agents{\textendash}-unilateral thrusters, each attached to the body and each able to apply an unilateral force to the body. Generally, the dynamics of the body manipulated with uncoordinated forces of thrusters is nonlinear. The problem we consider is how to design the unilateral force each agent applies to ensure the decoupling and linearity of the linear and angular (i.e., translational and rotational) accelerations of the body and thus allow a controller to be designed in a simpler manner, instead of developing sophisticated nonlinear control techniques. Here consider two types of unilateral thrusters with (i) all fixed directions, and (ii) all non-fixed directions, respectively. To address the problem, we design two decomposition frameworks, each with its advantages, on the structure of the forces and control policy such that (i) the linear and angular accelerations of the body are decoupled and controlled independently, and (ii) the control that ensures the forces to be unilateral (only for thrusters with non-fixed directions) is independent from the linear and angular accelerations. As a result, the closed-loop dynamics of the body is linear with respect to both the linear and angular accelerations; thus the control of the body becomes trivial, which may provide a convenient and alternative methodology for design of a physical system with a quick estimation and reference of the manipulated forces required.},
	issn = {1573-269X},
	doi = {10.1007/s11071-014-1643-3},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1643-3},
	author = {Li, Wei and Spong, Mark W.}
}
@article {147,
	title = {Self-Organized Aggregation without Computation},
	journal = {The International Journal of Robotics Research},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1145-1161},
	keywords = {aggregation, minimal information processing, rendezvous, swarm robotics},
	doi = {10.1177/0278364914525244},
	author = {Gauci, Melvin and Chen, Jianing and Li, Wei and Dodd, Tony J. and Gross, Roderich}
}
@article {401,
	title = {On the Vulnerabilities of the Virtual Force Approach to Mobile Sensor Deployment},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {2592-2605},
	author = {N. Bartolini and G. Bongiovanni and T. F. La Porta and S. Silvestri}
}
@article {48,
	title = {Hierarchical Visibility for Guaranteed Search in Large-Scale Outdoor Terrain},
	journal = {JAAMAS},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1{\textendash}36},
	abstract = {Searching for moving targets in large environments is a challenging task that is relevant in several problem domains, such as capturing an invader in a camp, guarding security facilities, and searching for victims in large-scale search and rescue scenarios. The guaranteed search problem is to coordinate the search of a team of agents to guarantee the discovery of all targets. In this paper we present a self-contained solution to this problem in 2.5D real-world domains represented by digital elevation models (DEMs). We introduce hierarchical sampling on DEMs for selecting heuristically the close to minimal set of locations from which the entire surface of the DEM can be guarded. Locations are utilized to form a search graph on which search strategies for mobile agents are computed. For these strategies schedules are derived which include agent paths that are directly executable in the terrain. Presented experimental results demonstrate the performance of the method. The practical feasibility of our approach has been validated during a field experiment at the Gascola robot training site where teams of humans equipped with iPads successfully searched for adversarial and omniscient evaders. The field demonstration is the largest-scale implementation of a guaranteed search algorithm to date.},
	keywords = {Exploration, guaranteed search, HRI, Human{\textendash}robot-interaction, Moving target search, path planning, pursuit-evasion, task allocation},
	issn = {1387-2532},
	doi = {10.1007/s10458-011-9180-7},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-011-9180-7},
	author = {Kleiner, A. and Kolling, A. and Lewis, M. and Sycara, K.}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Semi-Autonomous Haptic Teleoperation Control Architecture of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles},
	journal = {IEEE/ASME Transaction on Mechatronics, Focused Section on Aerospace Mechatronics},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2013},
	month = {08/2013},
	pages = {1334-1345},
	abstract = {We propose a novel semi-autonomous haptic teleoperation control architecture for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), consisting of three control layers: 1) UAV control layer, where each UAV is abstracted by, and is controlled to follow the trajectory of, its own kinematic Cartesian virtual point (VP); 2) VP control layer, which modulates each VP{\textquoteright}s motion according to the teleoperation commands and local artificial potentials (for VP-VP/VP-obstacle collision avoidance and VP-VP connectivity preservation); and 3) teleoperation layer, through which a single remote human user can command all (or some) of the VPs{\textquoteright} velocity while haptically perceiving the state of all (or some) of the UAVs and obstacles. Master-passivity/slave-stability and some asymptotic performance measures are proved. Experimental results using four custom-built quadrotor-type UAVs are also presented to illustrate the theory.},
	keywords = {Bilateral Shared Control of Mobile Robots, Motion control of multiple robots, UAV hardware platforms},
	author = {Dongjun Lee and Antonio Franchi and Hyoung Il Son and Heinrich H. B{\"u}lthoff and Paolo Robuffo Giordano}
}
@article {207,
	title = {A Low-Cost Educational Platform for Swarm Robotics},
	journal = {Journal of Robots, Education and Art},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Feb.},
	pages = {1-15},
	author = {Couceiro, M. S. and Figueiredo, C. M. and Luz, J. M. and Ferreira, N. M. and Rocha, R. P.}
}
@article {402,
	title = {Sensor Activation and Radius Adaptation (SARA) in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks},
	journal = {ACM Trans. Sen. Netw.},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {Area coverage, heterogeneous devices, variable radii, wireless sensor networks},
	issn = {1550-4859},
	doi = {10.1145/2240092.2240098},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2240092.2240098},
	author = {N. Bartolini and Calamoneri, Tiziana and La Porta, Tom and Petrioli, Chiara and Silvestri, Simone}
}
@conference {46,
	title = {The SHERPA project: smart collaboration between humans and ground-aerial robots for improving rescuing activities in alpine environments},
	booktitle = {Proc. of the IEEE Int. Workshop on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)},
	year = {2012},
	address = {College Station, US},
	abstract = {The goal of the paper is to present the foreseen research activity of the European project {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}SHERPA{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} whose activities will start officially on February 1th 2013. The goal of SHERPA is to develop a mixed ground and aerial robotic platform to support search and rescue activities in a real-world hostile environment, like the alpine scenario that is specifically targeted in the project. Looking into the technological platform and the alpine rescuing scenario, we plan to address a number of research topics about cognition and control. What makes the project potentially very rich from a scientific viewpoint is the heterogeneity and the capabilities to be owned by the different actors of the SHERPA system: the human rescuer is the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}busy genius{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}, working in team with the ground vehicle, as the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}intelligent donkey{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}, and with the aerial platforms, i.e. the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}trained wasps{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}patrolling hawks{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}. Indeed, the research activity focuses on how the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}busy genius{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} and the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}SHERPA animals{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} interact and collaborate with each other, with their own features and capabilities, toward the achievement of a common goal.},
	keywords = {alpine environments, autonomous aerial vehicles, busy genius, Cognitive Systems, European project, Ground and Aerial Robotics, ground-aerial robots, human rescuer, intelligent donkey, patrolling hawks, real-world hostile environment, rescuing activities, Robust Control, Search and Rescue, search and rescue activities, SHERPA project, smart collaboration, telerobotics, trained wasps},
	doi = {10.1109/SSRR.2012.6523905},
	author = {Marconi, L. and Melchiorri, C. and Beetz, M. and Pangercic, D. and Siegwart, R. and Leutenegger, S. and Carloni, R. and Stramigioli, S. and Bruyninckx, H. and Doherty, P. and Kleiner, A. and Lippiello, V. and Finzi, A. and Siciliano, B. and Sala, A. and Tomatis, N.}
}
@article {403,
	title = {Autonomous Deployment of Heterogeneous Mobile Sensors},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {753-766},
	author = {N. Bartolini and T. Calamoneri and T. F. La Porta and S. Silvestri}
}
@conference {405,
	title = {Autonomous deployment of heterogeneous mobile sensors},
	booktitle = {2009 17th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols},
	year = {2009},
	author = {N. Bartolini and T. Calamoneri and T. La Porta and A. Massini and S. Silvestri}
}
@conference {173,
	title = {Guaranteed-Performance Multi-robot Routing under Limited Communication Range},
	booktitle = {Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS)},
	year = {2009},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	organization = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	address = {Tsukuba, Japan},
	isbn = {978-3-642-00644-9},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-00644-9_43},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007\%2F978-3-642-00644-9_43},
	author = {Alejandro R Mosteo and Luis Montano and Michail G Lagoudakis}
}
@book {153,
	title = {Cells and Robots: Modeling and Control of Large-Size Agent Populations},
	series = {Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	author = {Dejan Milutinovi{\'c} and Pedro Lima}
}
@article {152,
	title = {Modeling and Optimal Centralized Control of a Large-Size Robotic Population},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	month = {12/2006},
	pages = {1280-1285},
	author = {Dejan Milutinovi{\'c} and Pedro Lima}
}
@conference {174,
	title = {Auction-Based Multi-Robot Routing},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems},
	year = {2005},
	month = {June},
	address = {Cambridge, USA},
	author = {Michail G. Lagoudakis and Evangelos Markakis and David Kempe and Pinar Keskinocak and Anton Kleywegt and Sven Koenig and Craig Tovey and Adam Meyerson and Sonal Jain}
}
@conference {154,
	title = {Biologically Inspired Stochastic Hybrid Control of Multi-Robot Systems},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advanced Robotics  (ICAR)},
	year = {2003},
	address = {Coimbra, Portugal},
	author = {Dejan Milutinovi{\'c} and Pedro Lima and Michael Athans}
}
